Correggi bug di sicurezza e integrita' dei dati

I due piu' gravi potevano causare perdita di dati silenziosa.

AppServiceProvider chiamava key:generate --force a ogni richiesta quando
APP_KEY risultava vuota. Poiche' nome e cognome dei proclamatori sono
cifrati con quella chiave, ogni riga scritta sotto una chiave poi
sostituita diventava irrecuperabile. La chiave e' ora risolta una sola
volta all'avvio del container e il provider solleva un'eccezione se manca,
invece di rigenerarla.

importTerritoryPdfFolder() caricava i PDF, costruiva l'elenco dei file e
poi lo scartava senza mai accodare il job: nessun errore, nessun territorio
aggiornato, e i file restavano su disco a crescita illimitata perche' la
pulizia viveva solo nel finally del job mai eseguito.

Sicurezza:
- i permessi non venivano riapplicati alle richieste /livewire/update, per
  cui un permesso revocato restava attivo fino al reload della pagina
- host header injection: nginx passava l'Host del client come
  X-Forwarded-Host e Laravel si fidava di tutti i proxy, abbastanza per far
  generare a route() link verso domini arbitrari, inclusi i PDF pubblici
  che contengono un codice di accesso valido
- lo schema forwarded e' ora deciso dal server e non dall'header del client
- campagna_id in Rientra e' #[Locked]: era derivato lato server ma
  manipolabile dal client, permettendo di conteggiare un rientro su una
  campagna arbitraria
- sortField del registro passava non validato a orderBy(), con 500 su
  colonna inesistente
- SESSION_SECURE_COOKIE ora vale true fuori da local
- limiti su dimensione e numero di voci negli import ZIP

Integrita' e prestazioni:
- il default di assignment_link_ttl_hours era rimasto 24 dopo la
  conversione da ore a mesi: i link PDF pubblici duravano due anni invece
  di uno mese
- il seeder usava syncPermissions(), che a un secondo giro azzerava i
  permessi personalizzati dei ruoli; ora e' additivo
- pdftoppm senza timeout poteva bloccare il worker indefinitamente
- nomi file deterministici nell'import: "1 A" e "1-A" scrivevano sullo
  stesso PDF, sovrascrivendosi
- Setting::flushCache() dopo le cancellazioni massive, che non emettono
  eventi e lasciavano la cache puntata a una riga inesistente
- riga settings creata dal seeder, per evitare due singleton concorrenti
- rimosse due migrazioni ridondanti che rompevano migrate:rollback
- indici su assigned_at, (attivo, deleted_at) e deleted_at
- risolti gli N+1 negli elenchi territori e proclamatori

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/Jobs/ImportTerritoryPdfFolder.php

@@ -22,7 +22,11 @@ class ImportTerritoryPdfFolder implements ShouldQueue
     use SerializesModels;
 
     public int $tries = 1;
-    public int $timeout = 0;
+
+    // A bounded timeout, not 0. With no limit a single PDF that hangs the
+    // renderer blocks the worker forever and the import state never leaves
+    // "running", so the UI polls a job that will never finish.
+    public int $timeout = 900;
 
     public function __construct(
         public string $importId,
@@ -115,7 +119,14 @@ class ImportTerritoryPdfFolder implements ShouldQueue
                         $thumbnailService->delete($territorio->thumbnail_path);
                     }
 
-                    $storedFilename = Str::slug('territorio-' . $territorio->numero) . '.pdf';
+                    // The territory id is part of the filename because the slug
+                    // alone is not unique: "1 A" and "1-A" are distinct
+                    // territory numbers that both slug to "territorio-1-a".
+                    // Without it the second import overwrites the first's PDF
+                    // and both rows point at one file — then removing the PDF
+                    // from either territory breaks the other.
+                    $storedFilename = Str::slug('territorio-' . $territorio->numero)
+                        . '-' . $territorio->id . '.pdf';
                     $publicPath = 'territori-pdf/' . $storedFilename;
                     Storage::disk('public')->put($publicPath, file_get_contents($sourcePath));
                     $thumbnailPath = $thumbnailService->generate($publicPath);
@@ -166,6 +177,26 @@ class ImportTerritoryPdfFolder implements ShouldQueue
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Runs when the job exceeds $timeout or dies outside handle()'s try block.
+     *
+     * Without this the import state is stranded in "running" — the UI polls it
+     * until the 24h cache entry expires — and the uploaded temp directory is
+     * never reclaimed, since handle()'s finally never executes.
+     */
+    public function failed(?\Throwable $exception): void
+    {
+        $stateService = app(TerritorioPdfImportState::class);
+
+        $stateService->appendLog(
+            $this->importId,
+            '[ERR] Job terminato senza completare: ' . ($exception?->getMessage() ?? 'timeout')
+        );
+        $stateService->markFailed($this->importId);
+
+        Storage::disk('local')->deleteDirectory('bulk-territori-imports/' . $this->importId);
+    }
+
     protected function resolveTerritoryFromFilename(string $filename, array $territoriMap): ?array
     {
         if ($territoriMap === []) {

app/Livewire/Assegnazioni/Rientra.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Livewire\Assegnazioni;
 
+use Livewire\Attributes\Locked;
 use Livewire\Component;
 use App\Models\Assegnazione;
 use App\Models\Campagna;
@@ -11,7 +12,14 @@ class Rientra extends Component
     public Assegnazione $assegnazione;
     public string $returned_at = '';
     public bool $showCampaignPrompt = false;
+
+    // Derived server-side by checkCampaign() and never bound in the view.
+    // Without #[Locked] the client can inject an arbitrary campaign id into
+    // the update payload and have the assignment counted toward a campaign it
+    // has no date overlap with (or hit an FK violation with a bogus id).
+    #[Locked]
     public ?int $campagna_id = null;
+
     public bool $counted_in_campaign = false;
 
     public function mount(Assegnazione $assegnazione)
@@ -62,6 +70,12 @@ class Rientra extends Component
     {
         $this->validate();
 
+        // mount() rejects an already-returned assignment, but the component
+        // state persists across requests — two open tabs would both submit and
+        // the second would overwrite returned_at/returned_by and log a
+        // duplicate activity entry. Re-check against the current row.
+        abort_if($this->assegnazione->fresh()?->returned_at !== null, 409, 'Assegnazione già rientrata.');
+
         $returnDate = \Carbon\Carbon::parse($this->returned_at);
 
         $this->assegnazione->update([

app/Livewire/Proclamatori/ProclamatoreIndex.php

@@ -68,7 +68,12 @@ class ProclamatoreIndex extends Component
 
     public function render()
     {
-        $query = Proclamatore::query();
+        // withCount rather than letting the view call
+        // ->assegnazioni()->aperte()->count() per row, which issued one
+        // COUNT(*) per displayed proclamatore on every render.
+        $query = Proclamatore::query()->withCount([
+            'assegnazioni as assegnazioni_aperte_count' => fn ($q) => $q->whereNull('returned_at'),
+        ]);
 
         if ($this->search !== '') {
             // In-memory filter because nome/cognome are encrypted

app/Livewire/Registro.php

@@ -54,8 +54,26 @@ class Registro extends Component
         $this->resetPage();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Columns that may be sorted on.
+     *
+     * $sortField reaches orderBy() directly, and it is a public Livewire
+     * property, so the client controls it. Laravel's grammar prevents SQL
+     * injection, but an unknown column still raises "Column not found" and
+     * returns a 500 — trivially triggerable from the browser console.
+     */
+    private const SORTABLE_FIELDS = [
+        'territorio_numero',
+        'assigned_at',
+        'returned_at',
+    ];
+
     public function sortBy(string $field)
     {
+        if (! in_array($field, self::SORTABLE_FIELDS, true)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         if ($this->sortField === $field) {
             $this->sortDirection = $this->sortDirection === 'asc' ? 'desc' : 'asc';
         } else {
@@ -179,13 +197,19 @@ class Registro extends Component
             $query->whereHas('territorio', fn($q) => $q->where('tipologia_id', $this->filtroTipologia));
         }
 
-        if ($this->sortField === 'territorio_numero') {
+        // Re-check here too: sortBy() guards the action, but the property can
+        // also be set directly in a Livewire update payload.
+        $sortField = in_array($this->sortField, self::SORTABLE_FIELDS, true)
+            ? $this->sortField
+            : 'territorio_numero';
         $dir = $this->sortDirection === 'asc' ? 'ASC' : 'DESC';
+
+        if ($sortField === 'territorio_numero') {
             $query->orderByRaw(
                 "CAST((SELECT numero FROM territori WHERE territori.id = assegnazioni.territorio_id) AS UNSIGNED) $dir"
             );
         } else {
-            $query->orderBy($this->sortField, $this->sortDirection);
+            $query->orderBy($sortField, $dir);
         }
 
         // In-memory search for encrypted proclamatore fields / territorio numero

app/Livewire/Settings/XmlExchange.php

@@ -72,6 +72,11 @@ class XmlExchange extends Component
 
         $this->pdfFolder = [];
 
+        $this->dispatchPdfImport(
+            $importId,
+            $storedFiles,
+            'Cartella ricevuta: ' . count($storedFiles) . ' PDF in coda.'
+        );
     }
 
     public function refreshPdfImportStatus(): void
@@ -197,6 +202,12 @@ class XmlExchange extends Component
             AnnoTeocratico::query()->delete();
             Setting::query()->delete();
 
+            // The mass delete above fires no model events, so Setting's
+            // memoized instance still points at the deleted row. Without this
+            // the update() below would target a nonexistent id, match zero
+            // rows, and silently leave the app with no settings at all.
+            Setting::flushCache();
+
             $settingsNode = $xml->settings;
             if ($settingsNode) {
                 Setting::instance()->update([

app/Livewire/Territori/TerritorioIndex.php

@@ -123,7 +123,16 @@ class TerritorioIndex extends Component
 
     public function render()
     {
-        $query = Territorio::with(['zona', 'tipologia', 'assegnazioneCorrente.proclamatore']);
+        // ultimaAssegnazione is eager-loaded because getGiorniGiacenzaAttribute()
+        // and is_prioritario read it for every row — and this query fetches the
+        // whole table (pagination happens in memory below), so lazy-loading it
+        // meant one extra query per territory on every render.
+        $query = Territorio::with([
+            'zona',
+            'tipologia',
+            'assegnazioneCorrente.proclamatore',
+            'ultimaAssegnazione',
+        ]);
 
         if ($this->search) {
             $search = $this->search;

app/Models/Setting.php

@@ -47,6 +47,19 @@ class Setting extends Model
         });
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Drop the memoized instance.
+     *
+     * Mass operations (Setting::query()->delete(), truncate, raw SQL) do not
+     * fire model events, so the `saved`/`deleted` hooks above can't catch
+     * them and the cache would keep serving a row that no longer exists.
+     * Call this explicitly after any such operation.
+     */
+    public static function flushCache(): void
+    {
+        static::$cachedInstance = null;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the singleton settings instance (first row).
      */

app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ namespace App\Providers;
 
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\URL;
+use Livewire\Livewire;
+use RuntimeException;
 
 class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
 {
@@ -16,16 +17,57 @@ class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
 
     public function boot(): void
     {
-        // Force HTTPS when behind a reverse proxy
+        // Pin generated URLs to APP_URL.
-        if (str_starts_with(config('app.url'), 'https://')) {
+        //
+        // Behind a trusted proxy, Symfony derives the port from
+        // X-Forwarded-Port and falls back to the scheme's default when that
+        // header is absent — which silently drops a non-standard port from
+        // every generated link. Anchoring the root to APP_URL makes the
+        // public address explicit instead of reconstructed per request, and
+        // keeps PDF/e-mail links correct regardless of proxy behaviour.
+        $appUrl = (string) config('app.url');
+
+        if ($appUrl !== '') {
+            URL::forceRootUrl($appUrl);
+
+            if (str_starts_with($appUrl, 'https://')) {
                 URL::forceScheme('https');
             }
-
-        // Auto-generate APP_KEY if missing
-        if (empty(config('app.key'))) {
-            Artisan::call('key:generate', ['--force' => true]);
         }
 
+        // NOTE: APP_KEY is deliberately NOT auto-generated here.
+        //
+        // This provider boots on every request. Generating a key at runtime
+        // meant that if the key ever failed to persist, each request could
+        // mint a *different* one — and since proclamatori names are encrypted
+        // at column level with APP_KEY, every row written under a superseded
+        // key becomes permanently unreadable.
+        //
+        // The key is now resolved once at container start (docker/php/
+        // entrypoint.sh) and persisted to the storage volume. Fail loudly
+        // instead of silently rotating.
+        // Only enforced when serving HTTP. Build-time tooling (package:discover,
+        // config:cache) legitimately runs before the key exists, and failing
+        // there would break the image build rather than surface a real problem.
+        if (empty(config('app.key')) && ! $this->app->runningInConsole()) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                'APP_KEY is not set. Set it in the environment before starting the application. '
+                .'Generate one with: php artisan key:generate --show'
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Livewire only re-applies a fixed allow-list of middleware to
+        // /livewire/update requests. Spatie's permission middleware is not on
+        // that list, so a component whose route is guarded by
+        // `permission:territori.manage` would keep accepting mutating actions
+        // from a user whose permission was revoked after page load, until they
+        // reload. Registering them as persistent closes that window.
+        Livewire::addPersistentMiddleware([
+            \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\PermissionMiddleware::class,
+            \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\RoleMiddleware::class,
+            \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\RoleOrPermissionMiddleware::class,
+        ]);
+
         Gate::before(function ($user, $ability) {
             return $user->hasRole('amministratore') ? true : null;
         });

app/Services/TerritorioPdfImportDispatcher.php

@@ -4,12 +4,19 @@ namespace App\Services;
 
 use App\Jobs\ImportTerritoryPdfFolder;
 use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use RuntimeException;
 use ZipArchive;
 
 class TerritorioPdfImportDispatcher
 {
+    /** Per-entry uncompressed ceiling, matching the 10 MB Livewire upload rule. */
+    private const MAX_ENTRY_BYTES = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+    /** Caps the job payload — every entry is serialized into one queue message. */
+    private const MAX_ENTRIES = 2000;
+
     public function __construct(
         protected TerritorioPdfImportState $stateService,
     ) {
@@ -56,6 +63,25 @@ class TerritorioPdfImportDispatcher
                     continue;
                 }
 
+                if ($entryIndex >= self::MAX_ENTRIES) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(
+                        'Lo ZIP contiene più di ' . self::MAX_ENTRIES . ' PDF. Suddividilo in archivi più piccoli.'
+                    );
+                }
+
+                // Check the *uncompressed* size before reading. getFromIndex()
+                // inflates the entry entirely into memory, so a small zip with
+                // one hugely compressible entry would otherwise exhaust PHP's
+                // memory limit and abort the request mid-extraction.
+                $uncompressedSize = $zip->statIndex($index)['size'] ?? 0;
+                if ($uncompressedSize > self::MAX_ENTRY_BYTES) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(sprintf(
+                        'Il file "%s" nello ZIP supera %d MB.',
+                        basename($entryName),
+                        self::MAX_ENTRY_BYTES / 1048576
+                    ));
+                }
+
                 $content = $zip->getFromIndex($index);
                 if ($content === false) {
                     continue;
@@ -74,6 +100,12 @@ class TerritorioPdfImportDispatcher
 
                 $entryIndex++;
             }
+        } catch (\Throwable $exception) {
+            // Nothing was queued, so the job's own cleanup will never run —
+            // drop the partially extracted files rather than orphaning them.
+            Storage::disk('local')->deleteDirectory('bulk-territori-imports/' . $importId);
+
+            throw $exception;
         } finally {
             $zip->close();
         }

app/Services/TerritorioThumbnailService.php

@@ -2,10 +2,20 @@
 
 namespace App\Services;
 
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
+use Symfony\Component\Process\Exception\ProcessTimedOutException;
+use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
 
 class TerritorioThumbnailService
 {
+    /**
+     * Wall-clock limit for pdftoppm. A malformed PDF can make it spin
+     * indefinitely; unbounded, that wedges the queue worker for good.
+     */
+    private const RENDER_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 60;
+
+
     /**
      * Generate a PNG thumbnail of the first page of a PDF stored on the public disk.
      *
@@ -22,11 +32,26 @@ class TerritorioThumbnailService
 
         $tempPrefix = sys_get_temp_dir() . '/terr_thumb_' . uniqid();
 
-        exec(
+        $process = new Process([
-            'pdftoppm -r 72 -png -l 1 ' . escapeshellarg($pdfAbsPath) . ' ' . escapeshellarg($tempPrefix),
+            'pdftoppm', '-r', '72', '-png', '-l', '1', $pdfAbsPath, $tempPrefix,
-            $output,
+        ]);
-            $exitCode
+        $process->setTimeout(self::RENDER_TIMEOUT_SECONDS);
-        );
+
+        try {
+            $process->run();
+        } catch (ProcessTimedOutException) {
+            Log::warning('pdftoppm timed out generating a territory thumbnail.', [
+                'pdf' => $pdfStoragePath,
+                'timeout' => self::RENDER_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+            ]);
+
+            // Clean up whatever partial pages it managed to write.
+            foreach (glob($tempPrefix . '*.png') ?: [] as $partial) {
+                @unlink($partial);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
 
         // pdftoppm may produce -1.png, -01.png or even -001.png depending on page count
         $generated = null;

bootstrap/app.php

@@ -12,14 +12,30 @@ return Application::configure(basePath: dirname(__DIR__))
         health: '/up',
     )
     ->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
+        // X_FORWARDED_HOST is deliberately excluded. Trusting it lets a client
+        // set an arbitrary Host and have route()/url() emit links pointing at
+        // an attacker's domain — including the public assignment PDF links,
+        // which carry a valid access code.
         $middleware->trustProxies(
             at: '*',
             headers: Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_FOR
-                | Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_HOST
                 | Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_PORT
                 | Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_PROTO
         );
 
+        // Second line of defence: only serve requests whose Host matches
+        // APP_URL. Relaxed outside production so local access by IP works.
+        $middleware->trustHosts(at: function () {
+            $host = parse_url((string) config('app.url'), PHP_URL_HOST);
+
+            // localhost/127.0.0.1 are kept for container-internal probes: the
+            // Docker health check and Dokploy's own checks address the
+            // container directly, not through the public domain. They are not
+            // an external hole — Traefik only forwards requests whose Host
+            // matches a configured domain.
+            return array_values(array_filter([$host, 'localhost', '127.0.0.1']));
+        }, subdomains: false);
+
         $middleware->alias([
             'role' => \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\RoleMiddleware::class,
             'permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\PermissionMiddleware::class,

config/session.php

@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@ return [
     'cookie' => env('SESSION_COOKIE', 'termanager2_session'),
     'path' => env('SESSION_PATH', '/'),
     'domain' => env('SESSION_DOMAIN'),
-    'secure' => env('SESSION_SECURE_COOKIE'),
+    // Defaults to true outside local: the app is served over HTTPS via the
+    // reverse proxy, and without the Secure flag the session cookie would be
+    // transmitted in cleartext on any plain-HTTP request to the same host.
+    'secure' => env('SESSION_SECURE_COOKIE', env('APP_ENV') !== 'local'),
     'http_only' => env('SESSION_HTTP_ONLY', true),
     'same_site' => env('SESSION_SAME_SITE', 'lax'),
     'partitioned' => env('SESSION_PARTITIONED_COOKIE', false),

database/migrations/2026_04_07_175504_add_thumbnail_path_to_territori_table.php

@@ -7,20 +7,28 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
 return new class extends Migration
 {
     /**
-     * Run the migrations.
+     * Guarded on both sides because two follow-up migrations used to re-add
+     * this same column. They have been removed, but a database that already
+     * ran them may have the column in either state, and an unguarded
+     * add/drop would abort the whole migration run.
      */
     public function up(): void
     {
+        if (Schema::hasColumn('territori', 'thumbnail_path')) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         Schema::table('territori', function (Blueprint $table) {
             $table->string('thumbnail_path')->nullable()->after('pdf_path');
         });
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Reverse the migrations.
-     */
     public function down(): void
     {
+        if (! Schema::hasColumn('territori', 'thumbnail_path')) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         Schema::table('territori', function (Blueprint $table) {
             $table->dropColumn('thumbnail_path');
         });

database/migrations/2026_04_07_184636_ensure_thumbnail_path_on_territori_table.php

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
-use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
-
-return new class extends Migration
-{
-    /**
-     * Run the migrations.
-     */
-    public function up(): void
-    {
-        if (!Schema::hasColumn('territori', 'thumbnail_path')) {
-            Schema::table('territori', function (Blueprint $table) {
-                $table->string('thumbnail_path')->nullable()->after('pdf_path');
-            });
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Reverse the migrations.
-     */
-    public function down(): void
-    {
-        if (Schema::hasColumn('territori', 'thumbnail_path')) {
-            Schema::table('territori', function (Blueprint $table) {
-                $table->dropColumn('thumbnail_path');
-            });
-        }
-    }
-};

database/migrations/2026_04_07_184758_force_add_missing_thumbnail_path_to_territori_table.php

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
-use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
-
-return new class extends Migration
-{
-    /**
-     * Run the migrations.
-     */
-    public function up(): void
-    {
-        if (!Schema::hasColumn('territori', 'thumbnail_path')) {
-            Schema::table('territori', function (Blueprint $table) {
-                $table->string('thumbnail_path')->nullable()->after('pdf_path');
-            });
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Reverse the migrations.
-     */
-    public function down(): void
-    {
-        if (Schema::hasColumn('territori', 'thumbnail_path')) {
-            Schema::table('territori', function (Blueprint $table) {
-                $table->dropColumn('thumbnail_path');
-            });
-        }
-    }
-};

database/migrations/2026_07_18_000001_fix_link_ttl_default_and_add_indexes.php

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+        // assignment_link_ttl_hours now holds MONTHS (renamed in spirit by
+        // 2026_04_08_123500, which converted the rows but left the column
+        // default at 24). A settings row created without an explicit value
+        // therefore got 24 *months* — public PDF links valid for two years
+        // instead of the intended one month.
+        // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+        DB::table('settings')
+            ->where('assignment_link_ttl_hours', 24)
+            ->update(['assignment_link_ttl_hours' => 1]);
+
+        Schema::table('settings', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->unsignedInteger('assignment_link_ttl_hours')->default(1)->change();
+        });
+
+        // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+        // Indexes. Every Eloquent query on these soft-deleting models appends
+        // `deleted_at is null`, and the dashboard/listing scopes filter on
+        // attivo/prioritario and range-scan assigned_at — all unindexed.
+        // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+        Schema::table('territori', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->index(['attivo', 'deleted_at'], 'territori_attivo_deleted_at_index');
+            $table->index('prioritario', 'territori_prioritario_index');
+        });
+
+        Schema::table('proclamatori', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->index('deleted_at', 'proclamatori_deleted_at_index');
+        });
+
+        // (territorio_id, returned_at) is already indexed by the create
+        // migration; only the assigned_at range scans are missing.
+        Schema::table('assegnazioni', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->index('assigned_at', 'assegnazioni_assigned_at_index');
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('assegnazioni', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropIndex('assegnazioni_assigned_at_index');
+        });
+
+        Schema::table('proclamatori', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropIndex('proclamatori_deleted_at_index');
+        });
+
+        Schema::table('territori', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropIndex('territori_prioritario_index');
+            $table->dropIndex('territori_attivo_deleted_at_index');
+        });
+
+        Schema::table('settings', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->unsignedInteger('assignment_link_ttl_hours')->default(24)->change();
+        });
+    }
+};

database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Database\Seeders;
 
+use App\Models\Setting;
 use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\App;
 
@@ -11,6 +12,13 @@ class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
     {
         $this->call([RolesAndPermissionsSeeder::class]);
 
+        // Materialize the settings singleton up front. Setting::instance()
+        // falls back to firstOrCreate() on read, and read paths run on every
+        // page (Territorio scopes and accessors) — so on a fresh database two
+        // concurrent first requests can each insert a row, leaving two
+        // "singletons" with edits landing in whichever one wins.
+        Setting::instance();
+
         if (App::environment('local') && env('SEED_DEV_DATA', false)) {
             $this->call([DevSeeder::class]);
         }

database/seeders/RolesAndPermissionsSeeder.php

@@ -31,13 +31,23 @@ class RolesAndPermissionsSeeder extends Seeder
             Permission::firstOrCreate(['name' => $permission]);
         }
 
+        // givePermissionTo() rather than syncPermissions(): sync *detaches*
+        // anything not in these lists. This seeder can re-run against a
+        // populated database (the deploy marker lives on a volume that may be
+        // recreated), and syncing would silently revoke every permission an
+        // administrator had granted through the UI. Granting is additive and
+        // therefore safe to repeat.
+        //
+        // These lists are the baseline each role starts with, not a
+        // continuously enforced contract.
+
         // Amministratore: all permissions
         $admin = Role::firstOrCreate(['name' => 'amministratore']);
-        $admin->syncPermissions($permissions);
+        $admin->givePermissionTo($permissions);
 
         // Assistente: proclamatori, campagne, assign, return
         $assistente = Role::firstOrCreate(['name' => 'assistente']);
-        $assistente->syncPermissions([
+        $assistente->givePermissionTo([
             'proclamatori.manage',
             'campagne.manage',
             'territori.assign',
@@ -47,7 +57,7 @@ class RolesAndPermissionsSeeder extends Seeder
 
         // Operatore: assign and return only
         $operatore = Role::firstOrCreate(['name' => 'operatore']);
-        $operatore->syncPermissions([
+        $operatore->givePermissionTo([
             'territori.assign',
             'territori.return',
         ]);

resources/views/livewire/proclamatori/proclamatore-index.blade.php

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
                                 <span class="inline-flex px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium rounded-full bg-gray-100 text-gray-600">Inattivo</span>
                             @endif
                         </td>
-                        <td class="px-4 py-3 text-sm text-gray-600">{{ $proclamatore->assegnazioni()->aperte()->count() }}</td>
+                        <td class="px-4 py-3 text-sm text-gray-600">{{ $proclamatore->assegnazioni_aperte_count ?? $proclamatore->assegnazioni()->aperte()->count() }}</td>
                         <td class="px-4 py-3 text-sm text-right">
                             <div class="flex items-center justify-end gap-1">
                                 <a href="{{ route('proclamatori.show', $proclamatore) }}" class="btn-action btn-action-indigo" title="Dettaglio">